在自动驾驶中,RL 可以完成的任务有:控制器优化、路径规划和轨迹优化、运动规划和动态路径规划、为复杂导航任务开发高级驾驶策略、高速公路、交叉路口、合并和拆分的基于场景的策略学习,预测行人、车辆等交通参与者的意图,并最终找到确保安全和执行风险估计的策略。状态空间、动作空间和奖励为了成功地将 DRL 应用于自动驾驶任务,设计适当的状态空间、动作空间和奖励函数非常重要。状态空间自动驾驶汽车常用的状态空间特征包括:本车的位置、航向和速度,以及本车的传感器视野范围内的其他障碍物。此外,我们通常使用一个以自主车辆为中心的坐标系,并在其中增强车道信息,路径曲率、自主的过去和未来轨迹、纵向信息等。我们通常会使用一个鸟瞰图来展示这些信息。▲ 鸟瞰图参考文献[1] A Survey of Deep Learning Applications to Autonomous Vehicle Control:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8951131?casa_token=fwUZxwU0Eo8AAAAA:B[2] End-to-End Deep Reinforcement Learning for Lane Keeping Assist:https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.04340[3] Deep Reinforcement Learning framework for Autonomous Driving:https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ist/ei/2017/00002017/00000019/art00012[4] A Reinforcement Learning Based Approach for Automated Lane Change Maneuvers:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8500556?casa_token=OcyB7gHOxcAAAAAA:JrwO6[5] Formulation of deep reinforcement learning architecture toward autonomous driving for on-ramp merge:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8317735?casa_token=HaEyBLwaSU0AAAAA:5[6] A Multiple-Goal Reinforcement Learning Method for Complex Vehicle Overtaking Maneuvers:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5710424?casa_token=Y-bJbe3K9r0AAAAA:ZNo[7] Navigating Occluded Intersections with Autonomous Vehicles Using Deep Reinforcement Learning:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8461233?casa_token=uuC5uVdLp60AAAAA:6fr7[8] Reinforcement Learning with A* and a Deep Heuristic:https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.07745[9] CARLA: An Open Urban Driving Simulator:https://proceedings.mlr.press/v78/dosovitskiy17a.html[10] TORCS - The Open Racing Car Simulator:https://sourceforge.net/projects/torcs/[11] MADRaS Multi-Agent DRiving Simulato:https://www.opensourceagenda.com/projects/madras[12] Microscopic Traffic Simulation using SUMO:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8569938?casa_token=1z4z-bT6kTsAAAAA:BdTO6tJB4xEgr_EO0CPveWlForEQHJWyprok3uyy3DssqzT-7Eh-pr7H__3DOJPDdpuIVUr7Lw[13] Flow: Architecture and Benchmarking for Reinforcement Learning in Traffic Control:https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abdul-Rahman-Kreidieh/publication/320441979_Flow_Archite
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