美科学家欲借助MEMS实现量子计算机

美国某大学的研究人员发现，微机电系统(MEMS)越来越有助于量子运算的实现；该研究团队证实，微反射镜(micro-mirror)能读取并写入编码在悬浮于透明媒介中的超冷原子云(clouds of ultra-cold atoms)上的量子位(qubits)。

今日的半导体存储元件，需要位线(bit-lines)在读取或是写入之前进行寻址(address)，但根据美国杜克大学(Duke University)与威斯康辛大学麦迪逊分校(University of Wisconsin-Madison)的研究团队发现，量子位也能通过MEMS微反射镜，以两道聚焦于其上的雷射进行类似的寻址。

上述研究团队证实，由5个铷87(rubidium-87)原子组成、间距8.7微米的原子云，能以两道分别对准其位置的雷射进行寻址，因此也可望以雷射来进行量子位的读取与写入。虽然目前的实验只是概念验证，未来的量子计算机可使用透明媒介来储存量子位，使它们尽可能靠近彼此，而它们之间的互动将可执行今日看来很棘手的超复杂运算，如破解长密码。

美国威斯康辛大学麦迪逊分校Mark Saffman研究团队实验室，以超冷原子云来储存量子位

根据研究人员表示，在量子位之间进行切换的接取时间约5微秒(microseconds)，比目前在光学开关组件中所使用的微反射镜速度快1,000倍；该研究团队接下来计划打造他们相信将成为未来量子计算机基本功能区块的，也就是局限在平面2D数组中的双量子位闸极(two-qubit gate)。

点击进入参考原文：MEMS shown to enable quantum computing, by R. Colin Johnson

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MEMS shown to enable quantum computing

R. Colin Johnson

Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) moved closer to enabling quantum computing with university researchers demonstrating that micro-mirrors can read and write qubits encoded on clouds of ultra-cold atoms suspended in a transparent media.

Semiconductor memories today need bit-lines to address them before reading or writing, but according to Duke University and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, qubits can be likewise addressed with two lasers focused on them by MEMS micro-mirrors.

In the demonstration setup, clouds of five rubidium-87 atoms were spaced at 8.7 micron intervals and addressed by two lasers which independently targeted their location, potentially allowing qubits to be written and read out by lasers. The current experimental setup merely proved the concept, but future quantum computers could use a transparent media to store qubits close enough to each other that their interactions could perform ultra-complex calculations that are intractable today—such as cracking long encryption codes.

An access time of about five microseconds, to switch between qubits, was reported by the researchers to be about 1,000-times faster than today's micro-mirrors used in optical switches. Next the group plans to construct what they believe will become the basic building block for future quantum computers--two-qubit gates confined in planar two-dimensional arrays.